Investigating the Prevalence of Birdshot in Wisconsin Black Bear Carcasses

Abstract

The eastern American black bear (Ursus americanus americanus) is a symbolic resident of Wisconsin’s Northwoods, valued by indigenous tribes, hunters, and wildlife enthusiasts alike. Given the considerable number (~24,000) of black bears, the gradual expansion of their range, and the progression of human development, bear-human conflict is becoming an increasingly important component of black bear management in Wisconsin. Although the Wisconsin DNR works with USDA- Wildlife Services to assist with bear-human conflicts, and responds to complaints 7 days a week, not every homeowner takes advantage of these resources. It is a common misconception that shotgun birdshot is an effective nuisance bear deterrent. Beginning in Fall 2025, we will be investigating the use of shotgun birdshot to deter bears by working with Wisconsin processors to identify the presence of shot pellets in carcasses. The presence of lead shot in carcasses is of particular concern due to the potential health hazards associated with ingesting contaminated meat. Using a portable X-ray machine under the guidance of a licensed radiographer, we will observe shot pattern and location to make inferences about bear behavior and their distance from the firearm. This project proposal aims to assist in reaching objectives set by the Wisconsin Black Bear Management Plan to address bear-human conflicts.