The Impact of Songs and Gestures on Bilingual Leaning in a Montessori Classroom

Abstract

Previous studies have examined the effects of different forms of sensory input on young learners’ cognition. This study is based on theoretical models of coding, information processing theory, and depth of processing theory. These theories suggest that multiple sources of sensory input at the time of learning establish deeper neural connections which in turn, aid in retrieval of information. This action research project examined two forms of sensory input, auditory and kinesthetic, and their effects on the retention and recall of novel French vocabulary words. Phase I of the experiment tested the effects of gestures on recall of vocabulary words while reciting a poem. Phase II examined the impact of singing on vocabulary recall. It was hypothesized that both gestures and songs would positively effect retention and recall of novel French vocabulary. This study also considers theories of bilingual learning and second language acquisition in early childhood learning environments. Specifically, comparisons are made between simultaneous and sequential bilingualism and the home and school environment respectively. Previous research in the field of second language acquisition suggests that L2 learners build on the linguistic foundations of their native language (L1). This action research project was carried out in a private Montessori school in Northeastern Iowa. Models of bilingualism are situated within the context of Dr. Montessori’s pedagogical methods of teaching language, and this thesis provides examples of bilingual Montessori learning environments.