Electrotactile (electrocutaneous) stimulation can deliver visual, auditory, and remote tactile information to the skin by directly stimulating afferent touch nerve fibers in a localized region. We review sensory physiology, ...

We have developed a computer-controlled tactile vision substitution system which maximizes use of the skin's ability to process spatial and temporal information. The system receives a 128-column X 64-row image from a ...