People are biased toward seeing associations between independent events and assuming causal explanations for those associations. Indeed, the lay public incorrectly infers cause-and-effect from descriptions of non-experimental ...

People make choices in nearly every domain of life, and individuals differ in their choice-making strategies: maximizers search extensively for the best possible option. Satisficers search just until they encounter an ...

Misrepresentation of data, or “spin,” comes in various forms and can be intentional or unintentional. One of the most prevalent forms of spin involves misleading interpretation – specifically, making causal claims that ...