Chemical evolution within basaltic magma chambers is still the subject of intense debate. The Skaergaard Intrusion in southeast Greenland has been the subject of considerable study for nearly a century, and yet today no ...

The chemical composition of tourmaline can provide unique insights into the thermal evolution of their growth environment, including that of pegmatites (in igneous systems) and hydrothermal veins (in metamorphic systems). ...

Tourmaline is a semiprecious gemstone known in the geologic community known for its complex chemical formula. This is because the crystal structure of tourmaline can incorporate and contain numerous elements from the ...

We present spectroscopic analyses that characterize the distribution and abundance of hydroxyl-bearing impurities within a single quartz crystal grown in hydrothermal fluid. We focus on a gemmy quartz crystal collected in ...

Quartz crystals have been studied since ancient times by scientists and natural philosophers attempting to unlock the mysteries behind their aesthetic appearance and cryptic morphological properties. Previous studies ...

The role of contaminant diffusion purple quartz, otherwise known as amethyst, is commonly known for its occurrence as clusters of gemmy crystals that grow on the walls of fluid-filled fractures and vugs in hydrothermal ...