Table 1.
Participation and Attrition from the Choice Program, 1990-1995
| |
1990-91 |
1991-92 |
1992-93 |
1993-94 |
1994-95 |
| Number of students allowed in the Choice Program (limited to 1% of MPS
enrollment) / 1.5% 1994-95 |
931 |
946 |
950 |
968 |
1450 |
| Number of private non-sectarian schools in Milwaukee |
22 |
22 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
| Number of schools participating |
7 |
6 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
| Number of applications |
577 |
689 |
998 |
1049 |
1046 |
| Number of available seats |
406 |
546 |
691 |
811 |
982 |
| Number of students participating |
|
|
|
|
|
| September count |
341 |
521 |
620 |
742 |
830 |
| January count |
259 |
526 |
586 |
701 |
-- |
| June count |
249 |
477 |
570 |
671 |
-- |
| Graduating students |
8 |
28 |
32 |
42 |
45 |
| Number of returning Choice students |
NA |
178 |
323 |
405 |
491 |
| Attrition rate1 |
.462 |
.35 |
.31 |
.27 |
.28 |
| Attrition rate without alternative schools |
.44 |
.32 |
.28 |
.23 |
.24 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Table 2.
How Choice Applicants Learn About the Program, 1990-1994
(Percent indicating source used)
| |
1990-94 |
1994 |
| Friends or relatives |
50.9 |
58.3 |
| Television or radio |
21.4 |
8.6 |
| Newspapers |
24.2 |
5 |
| Private schools |
17.7 |
20.1 |
| Churches |
3.7 |
2.9 |
| Community centers |
6.7 |
10.1 |
| (N) |
(1,060) |
(139) |
Question: "How did you learn about the Private School Choice
Program?"
Table 3.
Satisfaction With Information and Assistance on the
Choice Program, Applicants 1990-94
(Percent satisfied or very satisfied)
| |
1990-94 |
1994 |
| Amount of Information on the Choice Program |
76.4 |
79.4 |
| Accuracy of Information on the Choice Program |
75.3 |
80.8 |
| Amount of Information on the Private Schools |
66.3 |
65.9 |
| Accuracy of Information on the Private Schools |
70.9 |
76.1 |
| Assistance From School You Applied To |
76.8 |
75.2 |
| Assistance from Dept. of Public Instruction in Madison |
64.8 |
78.2 |
(N) |
(1,060) |
(139) |
Question: "How satisfied were you with the following?"
Table 4.
Factors Affecting Decisions to Participate in Choice Program,
Applicants 1990-94
(Percentages)
| |
1990-1994 |
|
|
|
1994 |
| |
Very Import |
Import |
Some Import |
Not Import |
Very Import |
Import |
Some Import |
Not Import |
| Educational Quality in Chosen School |
88.6 |
10.5 |
.7 |
0.30 |
90.4 |
9.6 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
| Teaching Approach or Style3 |
85.7 |
13.2 |
.7 |
.4 |
86.8 |
12.5 |
.7 |
0 |
| Discipline in Chosen School |
74.6 |
22.1 |
2.9 |
0.40 |
68.4 |
26.5 |
4.4 |
.7 |
| General Atmosphere in Chosen School |
74.3 |
22.5 |
2.7 |
0.50 |
73.7 |
21.9 |
4.4 |
0.00 |
| Class Size |
72 |
22.4 |
4.9 |
.7 |
66.7 |
25.2 |
6.7 |
1.5 |
| Financial Considerations |
69.8 |
23.3 |
4.8 |
2.1 |
74.6 |
18.1 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
| Special Programs in Chosen School |
68.4 |
25.7 |
3.6 |
2.3 |
68.1 |
23.7 |
6.7 |
1.5 |
| Location of Chosen School |
60.5 |
22.2 |
11.7 |
5.6 |
64.2 |
24.1 |
7.3 |
4.4 |
| Frustration with Public Schools |
59.5 |
23.9 |
10.7 |
5.9 |
61.3 |
20.4 |
14.6 |
3.6 |
| Other Children in Chosen School |
36.6 |
29.2 |
14.8 |
19.4 |
36.1 |
30.1 |
3.5 |
20.3 |
(N) |
(964) |
|
|
|
(139) |
|
|
|
Question: "Please rate all of the following issues and their
importance in your decision to participate in the Choice program."
Table 5.
Demographics Table 5a. Household Income (Percentages)
| Thousands |
1
Choice Applied 1990-94 |
2
New Choice 1994 |
3
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 |
4
Choice Non-Select 1990-94 |
5
Attrition 1990-93 |
6
Low-Inc MPS 1991 |
7
MPS Control 1991 |
| $0-$5 |
17.7 |
12.8 |
16 |
19.4 |
18 |
19 |
13 |
| $5-$10 |
37.2 |
33 |
39.6 |
33.2 |
40 |
34 |
23 |
| $10-$20 |
28.7 |
24.1 |
29.6 |
28.9 |
27 |
29 |
21 |
| $20-$35 |
15.8 |
29.3 |
14.7 |
16.9 |
15 |
14 |
24 |
| $35-$50 |
.6 |
0 |
0.20 |
1.2 |
1 |
3 |
13 |
| $50&over |
0.10 |
0.80 |
0.00 |
0.30 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
(N) |
(1,020) |
(133) |
(627) |
(325) |
(293) |
(880) |
(1513) |
Mean Income |
11.63 |
14.21 |
11.34 |
12.24 |
11.77 |
12.13 |
22.00 |
Table 5b. Race (Percentages)
| |
1
Choice Applied 1990-94 |
2
New Choice 1994 |
3
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 |
4
Choice Non-Select 1990-94 |
5
Attrition 1990-93 |
6
Low-Inc MPS 1991 |
7
MPS Control 1991 |
| African American |
74.5 |
71.9 |
73.2 |
78.0 |
75 |
67 |
55 |
| Asian |
0.40 |
0 |
0.20 |
0.20 |
0 |
5 |
4 |
| Hispanic |
18.7 |
19.4 |
21.3 |
14.2 |
16 |
11 |
10 |
| Native American |
0.4 |
0.00 |
0.1 |
0.7 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| White |
4.9 |
7.9 |
4.9 |
4.3 |
7 |
15 |
29 |
| Other |
1 |
0.70 |
.3 |
2.6 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(N) |
(2,673) |
(139) |
(1,490) |
(886) |
(676) |
(3179) |
(5365) |
Table 5c. Parent Marital Status (Percentages)
| |
1
Choice Applied 1990-94 |
2
New Choice 1994 |
3
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 |
4
Choice Non-Select 1990-94 |
5
Attrition 1990-93 |
6
Low-Inc MPS 1991 |
7
MPS Control 1991 |
| Married |
24.9 |
23 |
23.5 |
29.6 |
24 |
35 |
51 |
| Single |
38.9 |
42.2 |
39.8 |
35 |
42 |
32 |
22 |
| Separated |
12.4 |
17.8 |
13 |
11.5 |
9 |
11 |
8 |
| Divorced |
15.1 |
9.6 |
15.6 |
13.9 |
15 |
14 |
13 |
| Widowed |
3.2 |
.7 |
3.5 |
2.7 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
| Living Together |
5.5 |
6.7 |
4.6 |
7.3 |
5 |
6 |
4 |
(N) |
(1,032) |
(135) |
(633) |
(331) |
(294) |
(924) |
(1637) |
Table 5d. Family Size (Percentages)
Children per Family |
1
Choice Applied 1990-94 |
2
New Choice 1994 |
3
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 |
4
Choice Non-Select 1990-94 |
5
Attrition 1990-93 |
6
Low-Inc MPS 1991 |
7
MPS Control 1991 |
1 |
27.8 |
31.7 |
25.9 |
29.7 |
19 |
9 |
13 |
2 |
30.2 |
30.9 |
31.9 |
28 |
31 |
26 |
33 |
3 |
19.2 |
18.7 |
22.3 |
14 |
24 |
27 |
26 |
4 |
12.5 |
8.6 |
11.5 |
13.4 |
16 |
18 |
15 |
5 or more |
10.3 |
10 |
8.3 |
14.9 |
10 |
20 |
15 |
(N) |
(1,060) |
(139) |
(645) |
(343) |
(287) |
(908) |
(1611) |
Avg. number of Children per Family |
2.54 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.66 |
2.72 |
3.24 |
2.95 |
Table 5e. Parents' Education (Percentages)
| |
8th Grade |
Some H.S. |
GED |
H.S. |
Some College |
College Grad |
Some Post Grad |
(N) |
| Choice Applied 1990-94 Mother/Female
Guardian
Father/Male Guardian |
4.3
10.4 |
11.6
20.4 |
9.2
6.9 |
20.3
25.8 |
46.4
28.8 |
6.5
5 |
1.8
2.7 |
(1,027)
(624) |
| New Choice 1994 Mother/Female
Guardian
Father/Male Guardian |
.8
6.2 |
9.8
16 |
9.8
6.2 |
15.9
23.5 |
53
33.3 |
6.8
4.9 |
3.8
9.9 |
(132)
(81) |
| Choice Enrolled 1990-94 Mother/Female
Guardian
Father/Male Guardian |
3
7.6 |
12
19.3 |
9.3
7 |
21.2
28.2 |
45.5
28.5 |
7.5
6.3 |
1.4
3.1 |
(626)
(383) |
| Choice Non-Slct 1990-94 Mother/Female
Guardian
Father/Male Guardian |
6.9
15.6 |
10.8
22.1 |
9
6.5 |
19.2
20.6 |
46.2
30.2 |
5.7
3.5 |
2.1
1.5 |
(333)
(199) |
| Attrition 1990-93 Mother/Female
Guardian
Father/Male Guardian |
4
6 |
9
18 |
11
8 |
19
32 |
48
30 |
8
4 |
1
2 |
(292)
(175) |
| Low-Inc MPS 1991 Mother/Female
Guardian
Father/Male Guardian |
12
15 |
25
22 |
9
9 |
25
25 |
26
21 |
3
6 |
1
2 |
(881)
(535) |
| MPS Control 1991 Mother/Female
Guardian
Father/Male Guardian |
8
9 |
18
16 |
7
8 |
28
26 |
29
27 |
6
9 |
5
6 |
(1525)
(1127) |
Table 6.
Scale Data - Means, Standard Deviations, Reliability, and Sample Size
| Source of Scale, Range, and Direction by Group |
Mean |
Standard Deviation |
Alpha |
(N) |
Dissatisfaction with the administration of the choice application
process
T3 - DisChAdm - Range=6-24 (High=More Dissatisfied)
| Choice Applied 1990-94 (Fall) New
Choice 1994 (Fall)
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 (Fall)
Non-selected Choice 1990-94 (Fall) |
12.6
12.0
11.6
14.4 |
4.4
3.8
3.6
5.0 |
.91
.88
.88
.92 |
609
86
364
206 |
Importance of education compared to other goals
A1 - EdImport- Range=7-15 (High=More Important)
| Choice Applied 1990-94 (Fall) New
Choice 1994 (Fall)
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 (Fall)
Non-selected Choice 1990-94 (Fall)
Choice Private School 1991-95 (Spring)
Non-Selected Choice 1991-95 (Spring)
Low-Income MPS 1991
MPS Control 1991 |
11.6
11.4
11.7
11.4
11.5
11.3
11.8
11.7 |
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0 |
.72
.72
.70
.73
.77
.76
.74
.71 |
996
129
627
301
732
210
811
1,554 |
Frequency of parent contacting school
A2 - PiParScl - Range=0-21 (High=More)
| Choice Applied 1990-94 (Fall) New
Choice 1994 (Fall)
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 (Fall)
Non-selected Choice 1990-94 (Fall)
Choice Private School 1991-95 (Spring)
Non-Selected Choice 1991-95 (Spring)
Low-Income MPS 1991
MPS Control 1991 |
8.8
9.3
8.6
9.0
9.4
8.0
5.8
6.0 |
4.9
5.1
5.1
4.6
4.8
5.0
4.4
4.3 |
.79
.78
.81
.74
.78
.83
.79
.78 |
775
88
466
269
722
212
807
1,529 |
Frequency of school contacting parent
A3 - PiSclPar- Range=0-12 (High=More)
| Choice Applied 1990-94 (Fall) New
Choice 1994 (Fall)
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 (Fall)
Non-selected Choice 1990-94 (Fall)
Choice Private School 1991-95 (Spring)
Non-Selected Choice 1991-95 (Spring)
Low-Income MPS 1991
MPS Control 1991 |
3.6
4.1
3.7
3.5
4.4
3.8
2.7
2.7 |
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.5
2.5 |
.67
.67
.67
.63
.70
.71
.67
.65 |
811
94
495
276
740
223
834
1,594 |
Parental involvement in school organizations
A4 - PiSclOrg - Range=0-5 (High=More)
| Choice Applied 1990-94 (Fall) New
Choice 1994 (Fall)
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 (Fall)
Non-selected Choice 1990-94 (Fall)
Choice Private School 1991-95 (Spring)
Non-Selected Choice 1991-95 (Spring)
Low-Income MPS 1991
MPS Control 1991 |
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.4
3.0
2.3
1.7
1.9 |
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.4 |
.71
.71
.72
.69
.54
.66
.67
.67 |
788
90
481
268
731
218
831
1,586 |
Parental involvement in educational activities with child
A5 - PiChild - Range=0-15 (High=More)
| Choice Applied 1990-94 (Fall) New
Choice 1994 (Fall)
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 (Fall)
Non-selected Choice 1990-94 (Fall)
Choice Private School 1991-95 (Spring)
Non-Selected Choice 1991-95 (Spring)
Low-Income MPS 1991
MPS Control 1991 |
8.7
8.7
8.8
8.7
8.9
8.8
7.5
6.9 |
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.9
4.3
4.2 |
.76
.76
.76
.78
.81
.82
.85
.83 |
987
129
619
302
737
218
833
1,575 |
Dissatisfaction with prior school
A6 - DisPrScl - Range=8-32 (High=More Dissatisfied)
| Choice Applied 1990-94 (Fall) New
Choice 1994 (Fall)
Choice Enrolled 1990-94 (Fall)
Non-selected Choice 1990-94 (Fall)
Choice Private School 1991-95 (Spring)
Non-Selected Choice 1991-95 (Spring)
Low-Income MPS 1991
MPS Control 1991 |
16.5
16.0
16.4
16.7
13.6
15.4
14.4
14.5 |
5.5
5.2
5.7
5.1
4.9
5.6
4.2
4.2 |
.89
.88
.89
.88
.90
.92
.85
.85 |
646
69
406
209
604
178
636
1,224 |
Table 7.
Grade Given to Choice School Experience 1991-95
(Percentages)
| |
1
Choice Private 1991 |
2
Choice Private 1992 |
3
Choice Private 1993 |
4
Choice Private 1994 |
5
Choice Private 1995 |
A |
40.1 |
33.0 |
29.5 |
42.0 |
39.7 |
B |
37.4 |
39.4 |
35.9 |
32.7 |
37.5 |
C |
14.3 |
22.0 |
21.1 |
17.5 |
18.0 |
D |
2.7 |
3.2 |
9.7 |
6.3 |
4.1 |
F |
4.5 |
2.3 |
3.8 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
GPA |
3.04 |
2.89 |
2.78 |
3.07 |
3.11 |
(N) |
(147) |
(218) |
(237) |
(269) |
(461) |
Table 8.
Prior Test Scores
| |
Applied Choice |
|
Low Income MPS |
|
MPS Control |
|
| 1990 |
R |
M |
R |
M |
R |
M |
| % At or Above 50% of NPR |
23.3 |
31.1 |
27.2 |
36.2 |
34.8 |
42.8 |
| Median NPR |
29 |
31 |
32 |
37 |
37 |
42 |
| Mean NCE |
39.1 |
39.7 |
40.1 |
42 |
43.6 |
45.8 |
| Std. Dev. of NCE |
15.9 |
18.9 |
17 |
19.2 |
18.5 |
20.2 |
| (N) |
(262) |
(257) |
(2136) |
(117) |
(3157) |
(3130) |
| 1991 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| % At or Above 50% of NPR |
27.1 |
22.6 |
28.2 |
36.2 |
36.1 |
43.4 |
| Median NPR |
26 |
30 |
32 |
38 |
38 |
43 |
| Mean NCE |
37.5 |
37.9 |
40.2 |
42.9 |
43.7 |
46.3 |
| Std. Dev. of NCE |
16.8 |
17.7 |
17 |
19 |
18.6 |
20.2 |
| (N) |
(199) |
(204) |
(2470) |
(2447) |
(3668) |
(3643) |
| 1992 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| % At or Above 50% of NPR |
28.2 |
31.4 |
28.2 |
35.3 |
36.6 |
43.2 |
| Median NPR |
29 |
33 |
32 |
38 |
38 |
43 |
| Mean NCE |
40.0 |
40.3 |
40.2 |
42.4 |
43.9 |
46.0 |
| Std. Dev. of NCE |
17.6 |
19.5 |
17.7 |
19.5 |
19.0 |
20.7 |
| (N) |
(234) |
(226) |
(2839) |
(2801) |
(4024) |
(3991) |
| 1993 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| % At or Above 50% of NPR |
25.7 |
26.7 |
28.2 |
34.7 |
37.5 |
42.1 |
| Median NPR |
29 |
28 |
32 |
37 |
37 |
3748 |
| Mean NCE |
38.0 |
40.0 |
40.2 |
42.0 |
43.3 |
45.2 |
| Std. Dev. of NCE |
19.1 |
18.6 |
17.7 |
19.3 |
19.0 |
20.6 |
| (N) |
(179) |
(175) |
(3069) |
(3049) |
(3980) |
(3962) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1994 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| % At or Above 50% of NPR |
27.4 |
23.3 |
25.9 |
34.4 |
35.3 |
43.8 |
| Median NPR |
26.0 |
25.5 |
32.0 |
36.0 |
40.0 |
44.0 |
| Mean NCE |
37.3 |
35.8 |
38.7 |
41.4 |
42.9 |
46.0 |
| Std. Dev. of NCE |
17.4 |
19.0 |
17.5 |
20.0 |
19.0 |
20.9 |
| (N) |
(146) |
(86) |
(1940) |
(1208) |
(4127) |
(3204) |
| R= Reading Scores |
NPR= National Percentile Ranking |
| M= Math Scores |
NCE= Normal Curve Equivalent |
Table 9.
Achievement Test Scores, 1991-95
| |
Enrolled Choice |
|
MPS Low Income |
|
MPS Control |
|
| 1991 |
R |
M |
R |
M |
R |
M |
| % At or Above 50% of NPR |
29.3 |
29.2 |
24.9 |
33.4 |
32.2 |
40.0 |
| Median NPR |
34 |
32 |
31 |
35 |
35 |
40 |
| Mean NCE |
42.6 |
40.2 |
39.1 |
42.0 |
42.2 |
45.2 |
| Std. Dev. of NCE |
16.4 |
19.9 |
16.1 |
18.2 |
17.9 |
20.0 |
| (N) |
(177) |
(185) |
(1,433) |
(1,419) |
(1,697) |
(1,957) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1992 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| % At or Above 50% of NPR |
21.2 |
22.8 |
25.2 |
33.5 |
32.4 |
39.5 |
| Median NPR |
27 |
28 |
29 |
35 |
34 |
40 |
| Mean NCE |
37.3 |
36.7 |
39.3 |
41.8 |
42.3 |
44.6 |
| Std. Dev. of NCE |
16.2 |
18.0 |
17.2 |
19.1 |
18.8 |
20.5 |
| (N) |
(349) |
(369) |
(1,397) |
(1,338) |
(1,919) |
(1,896) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1993 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| % At or Above 50% of NPR |
16.7 |
28.3 |
24.9 |
29.5 |
29.9 |
35.0 |
| Median NPR |
26 |
32 |
30 |
32 |
32 |
36 |
| Mean NCE |
37.2 |
42.2 |
38.8 |
39.9 |
40.9 |
42.9 |
| Std. Dev. of NCE |
15.6 |
17.6 |
16.9 |
18.9 |
18.0 |
19.6 |
| (N) |
(398) |
(395) |
(1,212) |
(1,189) |
(1,443) |
(1,370) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1994 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| % At or Above 50% of NPR |
28.8 |
31.3 |
25.7 |
42.4 |
30.5 |
48.4 |
| Median NPR |
30 |
38 |
30 |
39 |
32 |
47 |
| Mean NCE |
38.2 |
42.7 |
38.4 |
42.0 |
40.5 |
44.0 |
| Std. Dev. of NCE |
15.4 |
18.8 |
17.0 |
19.1 |
18.1 |
20.2 |
| (N) |
(440) |
(471) |
(1,019) |
(996) |
(1,168) |
(1,141) |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 19955 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| % At or Above 50% of NPR |
14.6 |
26.1 |
|
|
|
|
| Median NPR |
28.0 |
36.0 |
|
|
|
|
| Mean NCE |
38.8 |
42.8 |
|
|
|
|
| Std. Dev. of NCE |
16.3 |
19.3 |
|
|
|
|
| (N) |
(421) |
(462) |
|
|
|
|
| R= Reading Scores |
NPR= National Percentile Ranking |
| M= Math Scores |
NCE= Normal Curve Equivalent |
Table 10a.
Achievement Test Change Scores (NCEs), 1990 to 19917
| |
Enrolled Choice |
|
MPS Low-Income |
|
MPS Control |
|
| |
R |
M |
R |
M |
R |
M |
| 1990 Mean NCE Std. Dev. |
40.0
13.9 |
39.2
19.6 |
37.5
15.2 |
39.5
17.8 |
39.5
16.6 |
41.6
18.7 |
| 1991 Mean NCE Std. Dev. |
41.8
14.4 |
39.1
15.3 |
38.2
15.3 |
42.2
17.7 |
40.5
16.6 |
44.2
18.6 |
| Mean Difference Std. Dev. |
+1.8
13.1 |
-0.1
16.0 |
+0.7
14.7 |
+2.7
14.7 |
+1.0
14.3 |
+2.6
14.4 |
| Probability Mean Difference = 0 |
.193 |
.935 |
.144 |
.000 |
.022 |
.000 |
| (N) |
(84) |
(88) |
(812) |
(792) |
(1048) |
(1029) |
Table 10b.
Achievement Test Change Scores (NCEs), 1991 to 1992
| |
|
Enrolled Choice |
|
MPS Low-Income |
|
MPS Control |
|
| |
|
R |
M |
R |
M |
R |
M |
| 1991 Mean NCE Std. Dev. |
|
39.8
17.0 |
39.0
18.6 |
38.0
15.1 |
41.5
17.3 |
40.0
16.6 |
43.4
18.4 |
| 1992 Mean NCE Std. Dev. |
|
35.9
14.4 |
38.4
15.3 |
38.4
15.3 |
41.3
17.7 |
40.5
16.6 |
43.1
18.6 |
| Mean Difference Std. Dev. |
|
-3.9
16.0 |
-0.6
16.3 |
+0.4
14.6 |
-0.3
15.3 |
+0.5
14.2 |
-0.3
14.6 |
| Probability Mean Difference = 0 |
|
.001 |
.586 |
.484 |
.605 |
.286 |
.574 |
| |
(N) |
(192) |
(198) |
(911) |
(895) |
(1173) |
(1148) |
Table 10c.
Achievement Test Change Scores (NCEs), 1992 to 1993
| |
Enrolled Choice |
|
MPS Low-Income |
|
MPS Control |
|
| |
R |
M |
R |
M |
R |
M |
| 1992 Mean NCE Std. Dev. |
38.7
16.2 |
38.3
19.0 |
39.5
17.3 |
42.2
19.0 |
40.8
17.9 |
43.2
19.4 |
| 1993 Mean NCE Std. Dev. |
38.3
14.2 |
42.7
17.2 |
38.8
16.7 |
41.0
18.1 |
40.1
17.4 |
42.0
18.7 |
| Mean Difference Std. Dev. |
-0.4
14.6 |
+4.4
16.8 |
-0.7
14.0 |
-1.2
15.5 |
-0.8
14.0 |
-1.2
15.1 |
| Probability Mean Difference = 0 |
.928 |
.000 |
.131 |
.002 |
.091 |
.019 |
| |
(282) |
(288) |
(873) |
(842) |
(973) |
(938) |
Table 10d.
Achievement Test Change Scores (NCEs), 1993 to 1994
| |
Enrolled Choice |
|
MPS Low-Income |
|
MPS Control |
|
| |
R |
M |
R |
M |
R |
M |
| 1993 Mean NCE Std. Dev. |
37.6
15.7 |
44.0
17.1 |
38.8
16.7 |
41.8
18.8 |
40.1
17.6 |
42.8
19.4 |
| 1994 Mean NCE Std. Dev. |
37.5
15.8 |
42.0
17.8 |
35.6
16.9 |
41.5
19.1 |
39.9
17.6 |
42.7
19.8 |
| Mean Difference Std. Dev. |
-0.1
14.7 |
-2.0
14.7 |
-0.2
14.0 |
-0.3
16.5 |
-0.2
14.0 |
-0.1
16.3 |
| Probability Mean Difference = 0 |
.928 |
.002 |
.564 |
.631 |
.620 |
.904 |
| |
(289) |
(281) |
(688) |
(678) |
(766) |
(755) |
Table 10e.
Achievement Test Change Scores (NCEs), 1994 to 19957
| |
|
Enrolled Choice |
|
| |
|
R |
M |
| 1994 Mean NCE Std. Dev. |
|
38.4
15.1 |
43.1
18.8 |
| 1995 Mean NCE Std. Dev. |
|
38.6
16.0 |
41.7
17.6 |
| Mean Difference Std. Dev. |
|
0.2
14.8 |
-1.5
15.8 |
| Probability Mean Difference = 0 |
|
.783 |
.102 |
| |
(N) |
(285) |
(306) |
Table 11a.
Estimated Reading Iowa Test of Basic Skills, 1990-94,
With Choice Indicator and Yearly Choice Variables
| |
Model 1 |
|
Model 2 |
|
| |
(Choice Indicator) |
|
(Choice Years) |
|
| Variable |
B |
SE B |
B |
SE B |
| Constant |
18.131*** |
.971 |
18.123*** |
.971 |
| Prior Reading |
.495*** |
.014 |
.495*** |
.014 |
| Prior Math |
.170*** |
.012 |
.170*** |
.013 |
| Test Grade |
-.176 |
.091 |
-.175 |
.091 |
| Gender (1=female) |
1.559*** |
.366 |
1.562*** |
.366 |
| African American |
-3.911*** |
.546 |
-3.915*** |
.546 |
| Hispanic |
-1.599* |
.725 |
-1.617* |
.726 |
| Other Minority |
-2.435* |
1.047 |
-2.439* |
1.047 |
| Low Income |
-2.510*** |
.577 |
-2.506*** |
.577 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Choice Indicator |
-.568 |
.484 |
__ |
__ |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Choice Year 1 |
__ |
__ |
.100 |
.818 |
| Choice Year 2 |
__ |
__ |
-1.200 |
.734 |
| Choice Year 3 |
__ |
__ |
-.093 |
.875 |
| Choice Year 4 |
__ |
__ |
-1.394 |
1.411 |
| Adj. R2 |
.46 |
.46 |
| F Statistic |
446.32 |
441.23 |
| Probability F=0 |
.000 |
.000 |
| Dependent Mean |
40.09 |
40.09 |
| Dependent St. Dev. |
16.98 |
16.98 |
| (N) |
(4716) |
(4716) |
*** probability that B=0 < .001
** probability that B=0 < .01
* probability that B=0 < .05
Table 11b.
Estimated Math Iowa Test of Basic Skills, 1990-94,
With Choice Indicator and Yearly Choice Variables
| |
Model 1 |
|
Model 2 |
|
| |
(Choice Indicator) |
|
(Choice Years) |
|
| Variable |
B |
SE B |
B |
SE B |
| Constant |
22.260*** |
1.060 |
22.249*** |
1.061 |
| Prior Math |
.546*** |
.014 |
.546*** |
.014 |
| Prior Reading |
.170*** |
.015 |
.170*** |
.015 |
| Test Grade |
-1.089*** |
.100 |
-1.086*** |
.100 |
| Gender (1=female) |
-.065 |
.400 |
-.065 |
.400 |
| African American |
-4.182*** |
.599 |
-4.182*** |
.599 |
| Hispanic |
-1.546 |
.795 |
-1.568* |
.796 |
| Other Minority |
.288 |
1.151 |
.284 |
1.152 |
| Low Income |
-1.431* |
.633 |
-1.429* |
.633 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Choice Indicator |
-.109 |
.527 |
__ |
__ |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Choice Year 1 |
__ |
__ |
-.682 |
.894 |
| Choice Year 2 |
__ |
__ |
.059 |
.801 |
| Choice Year 3 |
__ |
__ |
.564 |
.946 |
| Choice Year 4 |
__ |
__ |
-.823 |
1.541 |
| Adj. R2 |
.46 |
.49 |
| F Statistic |
498.60 |
487.23 |
| Probability F=0 |
.000 |
.000 |
| Dependent Mean |
42.48 |
42.48 |
| Dependent St. Dev. |
18.83 |
18.83 |
| (N) |
(4653) |
(4653) |
*** probability that B=0 < .001
** probability that B=0 < .01
* probability that B=0 < .05
Table 12a.
Estimated Reading Iowa Test of Basic Skills, 1990-94,
With Choice Indicator, Yearly Choice, and Survey Variables
| |
Model 1 |
|
Model 2 |
|
| |
(Choice Indicator) |
|
(Choice Years) |
|
| Variable |
B |
SE B |
B |
SE B |
| Constant |
14.947*** |
2.168 |
14.968*** |
2.168 |
| Prior Reading |
.433*** |
.025 |
.436*** |
.025 |
| Prior Math |
.177*** |
.021 |
.174*** |
.021 |
| Test Grade |
-.020 |
.167 |
-.036 |
.168 |
| Gender (1=female) |
2.508*** |
.657 |
2.517*** |
.657 |
| African American |
-3.737*** |
.930 |
-3.762*** |
.929 |
| Hispanic |
-1.144 |
1.173 |
-1.029 |
1.174 |
| Other Minority |
-3.216 |
2.343 |
-3.194 |
2.340 |
| Income ($1,000) |
.092** |
.032 |
.092** |
.032 |
| Mother's Education |
.491** |
.260 |
.499* |
.260 |
| Married (1= yes) |
-.271 |
.792 |
-.304 |
.792 |
| PI-Schl. Cont. |
-.115 |
.090 |
-.112 |
.090 |
| PI-Par. Cont. |
.081 |
.154 |
.080 |
.154 |
| PI-Schl. Organ. |
.477 |
.267 |
.469 |
.267 |
| PI-Child |
-.093 |
.097 |
-.094 |
.097 |
| Edu. Expectations |
.167 |
.349 |
.180 |
.349 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Choice Indicator |
-2.154** |
.749 |
__ |
__ |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Choice Year 1 |
__ |
__ |
-1.382 |
1.092 |
| Choice Year 2 |
__ |
__ |
-3.849*** |
1.024 |
| Choice Year 3 |
__ |
__ |
-1.256 |
1.225 |
| Choice Year 4 |
__ |
__ |
-.410 |
1.852 |
| |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
| |
(Choice Indicator) |
(Choice Years) |
| Adj. R2 |
.50 |
.50 |
| F Statistic |
86.15 |
73.03 |
| Probability F=0 |
.000 |
.000 |
| Dependent Mean |
42.95 |
42.95 |
| Dependent St. Dev. |
16.47 |
16.47 |
| (N) |
(1385) |
(1385) |
*** probability that B=0 < .001
** probability that B=0 < .01
* probability that B=0 < .05
Table 12b
Estimated Math Iowa Test of Basic Skills, 1990-94,
With Choice Indicator, Yearly Choice, and Survey Variables
| |
Model 1 |
|
Model 2 |
|
| |
(Choice Indicator) |
|
(Choice Years) |
|
| Variable |
B |
SE B |
B |
SE B |
| Constant |
22.558*** |
2.501 |
22.574*** |
2.509 |
| Prior Math |
.535*** |
.024 |
.533*** |
.024 |
| Prior Reading |
.150*** |
.028 |
.151*** |
.029 |
| Test Grade |
-1.285*** |
.192 |
-1.296*** |
.194 |
| Gender (1=female) |
1.486* |
.755 |
1.488* |
.756 |
| African American |
-5.112*** |
1.081 |
-5.13*** |
1.083 |
| Hispanic |
-2.449 |
1.357 |
-2.389 |
1.361 |
| Other Minority |
-3.384 |
2.691 |
-3.373 |
2.693 |
| Income ($1,000) |
.112** |
.037 |
.112** |
.037 |
| Mother's Education |
.007 |
.301 |
.012 |
.302 |
| Married (1= yes) |
-.520 |
.911 |
-.532 |
.913 |
| PI-Schl. Cont. |
-.217* |
.103 |
-.215* |
.103 |
| PI-Par. Cont. |
.304 |
.179 |
.303 |
.179 |
| PI-Schl. Organ. |
-.202 |
.309 |
-.204 |
.310 |
| PI-Child |
-.264* |
.112 |
-.265* |
.112 |
| Edu. Expectations |
.740 |
.403 |
.749 |
.404 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Choice Indicator |
.093 |
.864 |
__ |
__ |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Choice Year 1 |
__ |
__ |
.282 |
1.261 |
| Choice Year 2 |
__ |
__ |
-.464 |
1.187 |
| Choice Year 3 |
__ |
__ |
.190 |
1.410 |
| Choice Year 4 |
__ |
__ |
1.297 |
2.131 |
| |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
| |
(Choice Indicator) |
(Choice Years) |
| Adj. R2 |
.53 |
.53 |
| F Statistic |
97.02 |
81.60 |
| Probability F=0 |
.000 |
.000 |
| Dependent Mean |
45.37 |
45.37 |
| Dependent St. Dev. |
19.53 |
19.53 |
| (N) |
(1372) |
(1372) |
*** probability that B=0 < .001
** probability that B=0 < .01
* probability that B=0 < .05
Table 13.
Why Choice Students Left the Choice Program, 1991 - 19947
| Responses |
|
(N) |
% |
| Quality of Program |
|
68 |
30.5 |
| |
Lack of religious training Lack of Transportation
Income
Application problems
Fee Changes
Selection Problems |
13
17
9
14
13
2 |
5.8
7.6
4.0
6.3
5.8
0.9 |
| Quality of the Choice School |
|
96 |
43.0 |
| |
Poor education Too disciplinarian
Unhappy with staff
Lack of programs for special needs students
Lack of programs for talented students
Too segregated
Child terminated
Lack of teaching materials |
20
13
31
14
2
1
3
7 |
9.0
5.8
13.9
6.3
0.9
0.4
1.3
3.1 |
| Child/Family Specific |
|
43 |
19.3 |
| |
Transportation - too far away Moved
Pregnancy
Quit School
Child custody change |
12
15
3
4
2 |
5.4
6.7
1.3
1.8
0.9 |
| Miscellaneous |
|
9 |
4.0 |
| Total |
|
223 |
|
Question: "What were the major reasons your child did not continue in last
year's school?" (Respondents could give up to three answers)
Notes
1 The attrition rate for year t is defined as: 1.0 - [the number of
returning students in year t+1 / (the September count in year t - graduating students in
year t)].
2 If Juanita Virgil Academy is excluded, the attrition rate is .29.
3 This question was not asked in the first two years of the study. The N for
these responses is 581 in the 1990-94 responses.
4 Based on MPS Student Record Data Base (SRDB). In cases where Choice
Students could not be found in the SRDB, race data were taken from the school enrollment
sheets.
5Only one MPS grade took the ITBS in 1995. Since it was a new version of the
ITBS, comparable data do not exist for 1995.
6 Only students who were tested in the Spring of 1990 and the Spring of 1991
are included. For Choice students only those who completed a full year in the Choice
schools are included. Sample sizes are small relative to the total students in the Choice
Program.
7 See footnote 6.
8 Response rate for years 1992 to 1994 was 38%.
|